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Abstract
AbstractThis study evaluated the particle size distribution of fine aggregates sourced from eight locations within Anambra State, Nigeria, to determine their suitability for construction applications such as mortar, blocks, and concrete. Sieve analysis was conducted on each sample, and the results were assessed in accordance with the specifications of British Standard BS 882:1992. Key parameters considered include the percentage passing through the 0.600 mm sieve and the content of fine particles below 0.150 mm, alongside the calculation of fineness modulus (FM). The findings revealed that most of the samples fall within the Medium grading zone and have FM values within the recommended range of 2.3 to 3.1, indicating good workability, durability, and packing density for structural use. While a few samples exhibited slightly high or low fines content, they generally conformed to standard requirements and can be used effectively in construction with minimal treatment. This study underscores the availability of quality fine aggregates in the region and their potential contribution to sustainable building practices.KeywordsFine Aggregates, Sharp Sand, Anambra State, Particle Size, Gradation, Sustainable Construction1. IntroductionFine aggregates are integral in concrete and mortar production due to their influence on strength, workability, and durability (Neville & Brooks, 2016). In Nigeria, reliance on naturally occurring fine aggregates remains high, yet quality inconsistencies continue to challenge construction outcomes. With numerous reported structural failures attributed to poor material quality (Shetty, 2019), there is a need for systematic evaluation, especially in areas like Anambra State with diverse geological characteristics. This study investigates and compares fine aggregates from three senatorial districts in Anambra to assess their compliance with British Standards and determine their suitability for construction applications.Aggregates play a pivotal role in concrete, offering structural integrity, minimizing shrinkage, and impacting economic aspects. While aggregates were conventionally regarded as chemically inert, recent research has unveiled that certain aggregates display chemical reactivity and establish bonds at the interface with the aggregate paste. Given that aggregates occupy a substantial volume in concrete, their influence on various concrete characteristics and properties is profound.According Onyia and Okonta (2020), the properties of fine aggregates play a crucial role in determining the workability, durability and strength of concrete. A profound understanding of aggregates is indispensable in comprehending concrete, as they constitute a significant portion of the concrete volume. Aggregates can be classified into normal weight, lightweight, and heavyweight aggregates, with fine aggregates being those that pass through a 0.47mm sieve (BS 812 Part One, 2011). Fine aggregates encompass materials such as natural sand, sawdust, stone dust, and rice husk ash; for the purposes of this study, the focus is solely on sand. Delving into the strength of concrete necessitates a comprehension of aggregate strength, as aggregates form a substantial part of the concrete volume. As indicated by Ayininuola and Olalusi as referenced in Egolum (2019), critical characteristics of fine aggregates include size, shape, surface texture, grading, soundness, strength, and durability.
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Copyright © 2025 Emmanuel Okeke. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.
