Paper Contents
Abstract
Vascularization remains a critical challenge in the development of effective skin substitutes. This study evaluates the morphological and angiogenic properties of co-cultured human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) spheroids. Using different HDF:HUVEC ratios, we observed spheroid formation, size retention, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion normalized to cell proliferation. The 85:15 ratio produced the most compact spheroids with the highest relative VEGF secretion, suggesting an optimal balance for pro-angiogenic signaling. These findings provide a simplified but informative model to guide further research on vascularized tissue engineering.
Copyright
Copyright © 2025 Yu-Fang Shen. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.
