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The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into national security architectures represents a transformative development with far-reaching implications for defense, intelligence, and policy-making. This article critically examines the dual-edged nature of AI in national security, exploring the technological benefits alongside the strategic, ethical, and political dilemmas it introduces. On one hand, AI enhances capabilities in surveillance, cybersecurity, threat detection, decision-making, and autonomous systems, thereby enabling faster responses to complex and dynamic security threats. It facilitates predictive analytics in counterterrorism, improves logistics in military operations, and strengthens border control mechanisms. On the other hand, the adoption of AI brings significant risks: algorithmic bias, loss of human oversight, escalation of autonomous warfare, cyber vulnerabilities, and challenges to democratic accountability. Moreover, the rapid pace of AI innovation outstrips current regulatory and governance frameworks, creating a policy vacuum that may be exploited by both state and non-state actors. This article analyzes key policy dilemmas arising from AI militarization, such as arms race dynamics, civil-military boundaries, and international humanitarian law compliance. It also highlights the uneven global AI capacity, raising concerns about strategic imbalance and normative fragmentation. Drawing on a multidisciplinary perspective, the article calls for a comprehensive and ethically grounded policy framework that balances innovation with accountability, ensuring AIs alignment with democratic values and international security norms. The study concludes by offering recommendations for transparent governance, multilateral cooperation, and adaptive regulation to responsibly integrate AI into national security strategies while mitigating associated risks.

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