Paper Contents
Abstract
Cyber-Physical Systems form an intrinsic part of global supply chains in this age. Such systems couple physical processes with digital networks for efficient operations and real-time decisions. The security of CPS is an urgent issue in light of a hyperconnected global supply chain, requiring a comprehensive understanding of associated threats, vulnerabilities, and mitigation strategies.This research paper comprehensively reviews CPS in the framework of global supply chains by elaborating a definition, key components, and roles. The paper explores how CPS empowers automation, real-time monitoring, and data-driven decision-making with practical examples in automated warehouses, smart factories, and intelligent transportation systems. It deconstructs the concept of hyperconnectivity to show the seamlessness of the digital and physical network, along with the resulting benefits: efficiency, responsiveness, challenges of complexity, and heightened vulnerability.One of the critical components of this paper includes a deep exploration of security threats and vulnerabilities within CPS. It will identify common threats such as cyber-attacks, insider threats, and physical tampering, and analyze specific vulnerabilities in CPS components, including sensors, networks, control systems, and software. The paper presents some case studies of very notable security breaches for lessons and insight to prevent their reoccurrence in the future.The paper reviews the current security frameworks and standards relevant to CPS, including NIST, ISO, and IEC, and provides best practices for securing CPS. It touches on the enablers of regulatory and compliance considerations that bind robust security in a CPS.It also addresses the emerging security technologies of blockchain, which might bring improvement in security and transparency; artificial intelligence and machine learning to detect threats; and quantum cryptography, for future-proofing against advanced cyber threats. The paper considers integration challenges, scalability issues, and future trends in CPS security.The economic impact of security breaches is discussed, where the direct and indirect costs are analyzed. The second theme is human factors and organizational challenges in CPS security, stressing the role human behavior and organizational culture can play.It investigates supply chain risk management methodologies with an emphasis on methods of risk assessment and mitigation strategies. The paper is concluded by the examination of interdisciplinary approaches, underscoring the viewpoint of the integration of cybersecurity measures with that of physical security and the need for stakeholder collaboration.It will also offer actionable recommendations for industry practitioners, point out potential avenues for further research, and contribute to the broader understanding of CPS security in the context of ever-changing global supply chains.
Copyright
Copyright © 2024 Adeeb Jamal. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.
