Paper Contents
Abstract
The rapid advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has transformed healthcare by enabling real-time, cost-effective, and portable health monitoring solutions. This project presents the design and implementation of an ESP32-based IoT Patient Health Monitoring System that measures key physiological and environmental parameters such as body temperature, humidity, and heart rate. The system integrates a DHT11 sensor for temperature and humidity, and an analog pulse sensor for heart rate detection. Data is processed by the ESP32 microcontroller, displayed on a 16x2 I2C LCD, and transmitted to the ThingSpeak IoT platform for remote monitoring. A multi-phase calibration routine ensures reliable sensor readings by validating baseline signals and detecting real-time variations, while fallback modes and error-handling mechanisms allow continuous operation even under adverse conditions. Heart rate is sampled at 40Hz and processed using a moving average filter with threshold-based peak detection, thereby improving accuracy and minimizing noise. Data is updated locally in real time and uploaded to the cloud every 30 seconds, where graphs and logs facilitate long-term monitoring. The system provides both local feedback via the LCD and remote access through ThingSpeak, making it suitable for standalone use at home or in telemedicine applications. Key features include automatic WiFi reconnection, retry mechanisms for data transmission, and a derived health status indicator that categorizes readings as Normal, Warning, or Critical. This ensures quick interpretation of health metrics by both medical professionals and non-expert users. Compared to existing systems, the proposed solution emphasizes affordability, reliability, and user-friendliness by employing low-cost components and open-source software while maintaining robust performance. Its modular architecture allows scalability for future integration of additional sensors such as SpO, ECG, or blood pressure. With its dual-mode operation, error resilience, and low-power design, the system demonstrates strong potential for application in personal healthcare, rural monitoring, and smart hospital environments. In conclusion, the ESP32-based IoT Patient Health Monitoring System provides a comprehensive, real-time, and cost-effective solution for health monitoring. It bridges the gap between local and remote healthcare by combining accuracy, accessibility, and scalability, thereby contributing to modern digital healthcare transformation.
Copyright
Copyright © 2025 P.SHANVITHA REDDY. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.
