Paper Contents
Abstract
AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) has become a paradigm shift in contemporary computing, connecting billions of devices in a wide range of industries, including smart cities, healthcare, transportation, and agriculture. The fast growth of connected devices has created serious privacy and security issues, despite the fact that the Internet of Things offers many advantages, like automation, real-time analytics, and intelligent decision-making. The lack of standardized security standards, the heterogeneous character of IoT architectures, and the processing limitations of edge devices are the causes of these difficulties.This study offers a thorough examination of IoT-related risks, classifying them into three categories: interoperability problems, privacy violations, and technological vulnerabilities. It also examines contemporary mitigating techniques, such as regulatory frameworks, machine learning-driven intrusion detection systems, blockchain-based trust models, and lightweight cryptographic protocols. The requirement for scalable, intelligent, and privacy-preserving IoT infrastructures that can adjust to changing technological landscapes is emphasized in the paper's conclusion, which also identifies future research objectives.1. IntroductionThe way digital systems communicate with the physical world has changed dramatically as a result of the Internet of Things. IoT facilitates smooth data interchange and automation for a variety of applications by integrating sensors, actuators, and communication modules into commonplace items. More over 15 billion IoT devices were in use worldwide as of 2023, and estimates suggest that number will increase to 30 billion by 2025 1. The development of cloud computing, hardware miniaturization, and wireless communication improvements are the main drivers of this exponential rise.But the very qualities that make IoT appealingdecentralization, ubiquity, and real-time connectivityalso make it susceptible. Devices frequently interact over unsecure channels, have firmware update methods absent, and run with low security parameters. Furthermore, the information gathered by IoT systemswhich includes behavioral metrics, geolocation patterns, and biometric identifiersis frequently quite sensitive. These concerns are made worse by a lack of strong regulatory frameworks and a lack of user knowledge 7. Dissecting the complex issues of IoT security and privacy, assessing current mitigation techniques, and suggesting future research directions that complement cutting-edge technologies like 5G, edge computing, and artificial intelligence are the objectives of this article.
Copyright
Copyright © 2025 GUNA SEKARAN P. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.
