Paper Contents
Abstract
Construction of tunnels is an infrastructure project, which is to enhance the transportation networks, especially in congested cities. Tunnelling projects are of long duration, they require large capital, they are complex in nature, construction work is repetitive, high in risk and with uncertainties. There are many construction methods have been developed in recent years for tunnel construction, which help to increase the pace of construction, also reduces the impacts on the surrounding structure and helps in decreasing accidents and mis-happenings.With the growing demand in public transportation in urban cities and space available on surface is less or no space for expansion, tunnels have become an alternative mode of transportation, it helps in saving environment by using eco-friendly fuel and land above tunnel for other purposes. Every tunnel has its unique complexity depending upon function, safety & local code requirements and duration of construction. There are many functional systems attach with tunnel they are lighting, ventilation, drainage, fire detection and alarms, fire suppression, communications, and traffic control. This paper also talks about the monitoring system deployed at tunnel sites to measure and monitor deformations inside the tunnel as well as above the tunnel. Automatic Deformation Monitoring System (ADMS) system is a group of interacting, interrelated or interdependent software and hardware elements forming a complex whole for deformation monitoring, that does not require human input to function.
Copyright
Copyright © 2024 Chandan Kumar. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.
